下面是小编为大家整理的可持续航空燃料是实现零净航空途径,供大家参考。
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W orld
Economic
Forum.
All
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Contents
4 For ewor d 5 Executive
Summary
7
Intr oduction
10
The
Forum’ s
Clean
Skies
for
T omorrow
Initiative
12 Report
methodology
13 Part
1
Sustainable
Aviation
Fuels
as
a
Decarbonization
Pathway
16 1.1 ASTM-certified
aviation
fuels
17 Part
2
Recommended
SAF
Pathways
20 Part
3
SAF
Feedstock
Sustainability
Guidelines
21 3.1 Identifying
the
most
sustainable
feedstocks
22 3.2 Assessing
practical
availability
24
3.3 T echnological
pathways
28
Part
4
Challenges
of
SAF
Pr oduction
and
T echnology
Maturity
33 Part
5
Managing
SAF
Pr oduction
Costs
34 5.1 Overview
36
5.2 Detailed
cost breakdown
by
technological
pathway
40 Conclusion
41 Acknowledgements
42 Endnotes
October
2020
Clean Skies for
T omorrow:
Sustainable
Aviation Fuels
as
a
Pathway
to Net-Zero
Aviation
For ewor d
Christoph
W olf f
Head,
Shaping
the
Future of
Mobility,
W orld
Economic
Forum
Daniel Riefer Platform
Fellow , W orld
Economic
Forum Associate
Partner , McKinsey
&
Company
The
W orld
Economic
Forum’ s
Clean
Skies for
T omorrow
(CST)
initiative,
established
in 2019,
is
a
coalition
across
aviation’s
value
chain
working
to facilitate
the
transition
to net- zer o
flying
by
mid-century.
In
partnership
with ambitious
senior
leadership
across
industry, gover nment,
and
civil
society,
this
public-private partnership
is
driving
a
shift
to zer o-emissions aviation
through
sustainable
aviation
fuels
(SAF) and
other
clean
pr opulsion
technologies.
SAF
is
a
necessary
step
in
aviation ’ s decarbonization
pathway,
especially
with
next- generation
technologies
like
electric
flight
and hydrogen-powered
pr opulsion
still
years
away fr om
application
at
scale.
The
CST
coalition
is working
to addr ess
the
chicken-and-egg
scenario wher eby
producers
and
consumers
of
SAF
are both either
unwilling
or
unable
to carry
the
initial cost burden
of
investing
in
new
technologies
to reach
a
scale
wher e
they
are
mor e
cost competitive with
existing
fossil
fuel-derived
options.
The
aim
is
to br eak
this
impasse
and
advance
the commer cial
scale
of
viable
production
of
sustainable low-carbon
aviation
fuels
(bio
and
synthetic)
for broad
adoption
in
the
industry
by
2030.
This
r eport, developed
in
close
consultation
with
the
CST coalition,
serves
to pr ovide
a
fact
base
on
which swift
and
bold
actions
should
be
taken
by
public and
private
sector
leaders
alike.
The
COVID-19
pandemic,
however , continues
to have
profound
ef fects
on
society,
economies
and the
aviation
and
travel
industries
especially.
With many
international
borders
closed
and
mandatory quarantines
imposed,
airline
passenger
volumes are
down appr oximately
60%
and
gross
operating revenues
have
dr opped nearly
$400
billion
for
the
year . 1
This
sudden
crisis
for
the
industry
has resulted
in
thousands
of
job
cuts
among
airlines, airports,
manufactur ers
and
others.
Many
have
received
significant
gover nment financial
support
to remain
in
business,
while others
have
collapsed
or
declar ed
bankruptcy. Recovery
is
expected,
albeit
slowly.
As
public health
experts
lear n
mor e
about
the
SARS-
COV2
virus,
international
travel
standards will
impr ove.
When
gover nments
r eopen borders
and
consumer
confidence
retur ns, air
travel
will
again
become
commonplace.
But
in
the
meantime,
climate
goals
must
be met
and
the
clock is
still
ticking
on
this
decade of
delivery.
Encouragingly,
CST’ s
stakeholders have
shar ed
that
both individual
and
corporate customers
are
demanding
mor e
sustainable travel
options.
In
line
with
the
Forum’ s
Great Reset
initiative,
guiding
decision-makers
along the
path
to a
mor e
r esilient,
sustainable
world
beyond
cor onavirus,
CST
continues
to accelerate the
energy
transition
of
the
aviation
sector . As
the
International
Organization
for
Public-Private Cooperation,
the
W orld
Economic
Forum
is
the ideal
platform
to inform,
support
and
accelerate this
transformation.
Along
this
journey,
we
are
consistently
encouraged by
the
CST
coalition
members
and
partners
who through
their
engagement
reinfor ce
their
commitment to achieve
sustainable
and
climate-neutral
flying
even in
this
challenging
time.
T ogether
with
the
Energy T ransitions
Commission
and
the
Rocky
Mountain Institute,
the
Forum’ s
partners
in
the
CST
coalition secr etariat,
we
commend
the
commitment
of
our ambitious
community
and
look
forwar d to continued partnership
on
the
global
race
to zer o.
Executive
Summary
A
transition
to
carbon-neutral
flying
is possible
and
sustainable
aviation
fuels are
the
most
pr omising
decarbonization pathway
in
the
near
term.
Climate
change
is
one
of
the
most
urgent challenges
of
our
time
and
requires
collective action
to solve,
embodied
in
a
shar ed
vision
and collaboration
across
gover nment,
industry
and society.
The
decade
until
2030
is
our
window
of
opportunity
to shift
the
global
trajectory
to a sustainable
futur e.
Indeed,
the
actions
taken
now will
determine
the
ability
of
futur e
generations
to sustain
themselves
on
this
planet.
The
United
Nations
Framework
Convention
on Climate
Change’ s
(UNFCCC)
Paris
Agreement, signed
in
2016,
was
a
watershed
moment
by demonstrating
a
global
consensus
on
the
thr eats
of climate
change
and
commitment
to act. In
charting strategies
to meet
the
goals
of
the
agreement
–
namely
limiting
climatic
warming
to 2
degr ees Celsius
and
aiming
for
1.5 degr ees
–
gover nments have
outlined
their
own
plans
to contribute
to the shar ed
goal,
some
mor e
ambitiously
than
others. Corporations
are
also
announcing
their
own amb...
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